5个时钟源
HSI,HSE,LSI,LSE,PLL
HSE为高速外部时钟,频率范围4~16 MHz
PLL的时钟源可以为:
HSE/2
HSE
HSI/2
倍频系数为2~16倍
STM32可以选择一个时钟信号输出到MCO脚,即PA8上,可以选择位PLL输出的二分频,HSI,HSE或系统时钟
注意:任何一个外设之前,都必须使能其对应的时钟
- /**
- * @brief Reset and Clock Control
- */
-
- typedef struct
- {
- __IO uint32_t CR;
- __IO uint32_t CFGR;
- __IO uint32_t CIR;
- __IO uint32_t APB2RSTR;
- __IO uint32_t APB1RSTR;
- __IO uint32_t AHBENR;
- __IO uint32_t APB2ENR;
- __IO uint32_t APB1ENR;
- __IO uint32_t BDCR;
- __IO uint32_t CSR;
-
- #ifdef STM32F10X_CL
- __IO uint32_t AHBRSTR;
- __IO uint32_t CFGR2;
- #endif /* STM32F10X_CL */
-
- #if defined (STM32F10X_LD_VL) || defined (STM32F10X_MD_VL) || defined (STM32F10X_HD_VL)
- uint32_t RESERVED0;
- __IO uint32_t CFGR2;
- #endif /* STM32F10X_LD_VL || STM32F10X_MD_VL || STM32F10X_HD_VL */
- } RCC_TypeDef;
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如何查看SystemInit函数
可以看到这里有SystemInit函数的声明
打开这个文件,可以看到SystemInit函数的定义
-
- /**
- * @brief Setup the microcontroller system
- * Initialize the Embedded Flash Interface, the PLL and update the
- * SystemCoreClock variable.
- * @note This function should be used only after reset.
- * @param None
- * @retval None
- */
- void SystemInit (void)
- {
- /* Reset the RCC clock configuration to the default reset state(for debug purpose) */
- /* Set HSION bit */
- RCC->CR |= (uint32_t)0x00000001;
-
- /* Reset SW, HPRE, PPRE1, PPRE2, ADCPRE and MCO bits */
- #ifndef STM32F10X_CL
- RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)0xF8FF0000;
- #else
- RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)0xF0FF0000;
- #endif /* STM32F10X_CL */
-
- /* Reset HSEON, CSSON and PLLON bits */
- RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xFEF6FFFF;
-
- /* Reset HSEBYP bit */
- RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xFFFBFFFF;
-
- /* Reset PLLSRC, PLLXTPRE, PLLMUL and USBPRE/OTGFSPRE bits */
- RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)0xFF80FFFF;
-
- #ifdef STM32F10X_CL
- /* Reset PLL2ON and PLL3ON bits */
- RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xEBFFFFFF;
-
- /* Disable all interrupts and clear pending bits */
- RCC->CIR = 0x00FF0000;
-
- /* Reset CFGR2 register */
- RCC->CFGR2 = 0x00000000;
- #elif defined (STM32F10X_LD_VL) || defined (STM32F10X_MD_VL) || (defined STM32F10X_HD_VL)
- /* Disable all interrupts and clear pending bits */
- RCC->CIR = 0x009F0000;
-
- /* Reset CFGR2 register */
- RCC->CFGR2 = 0x00000000;
- #else
- /* Disable all interrupts and clear pending bits */
- RCC->CIR = 0x009F0000;
- #endif /* STM32F10X_CL */
-
- #if defined (STM32F10X_HD) || (defined STM32F10X_XL) || (defined STM32F10X_HD_VL)
- #ifdef DATA_IN_ExtSRAM
- SystemInit_ExtMemCtl();
- #endif /* DATA_IN_ExtSRAM */
- #endif
-
- /* Configure the System clock frequency, HCLK, PCLK2 and PCLK1 prescalers */
- /* Configure the Flash Latency cycles and enable prefetch buffer */
- SetSysClock();
-
- #ifdef VECT_TAB_SRAM
- SCB->VTOR = SRAM_BASE | VECT_TAB_OFFSET; /* Vector Table Relocation in Internal SRAM. */
- #else
- SCB->VTOR = FLASH_BASE | VECT_TAB_OFFSET; /* Vector Table Relocation in Internal FLASH. */
- #endif
- }
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如下图所示
函数解析- /* Reset the RCC clock configuration to the default reset state(for debug purpose) */
- /* Set HSION bit */
- RCC->CR |= (uint32_t)0x00000001;
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首先把CR寄存器的最低位置1
Set HSION Bit 相对于打开HSION,相对于把内部的8 MHz晶振打开
也就是这个
- /* Reset SW, HPRE, PPRE1, PPRE2, ADCPRE and MCO bits */
- #ifndef STM32F10X_CL
- RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)0xF8FF0000;
- #else
- RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)0xF0FF0000;
- #endif /* STM32F10X_CL */
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以上代码主要是看你所用的芯片是大容量还是小容量,可以在魔术棒-C/C++里的宏处查看,例如,大容量为:
STM32F10X_HD
因此,这里相对于是根据所用的芯片容量选择RCC->CFGR寄存器的初始状态
- /* Reset HSEON, CSSON and PLLON bits */
- RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xFEF6FFFF;
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把HSEON,CSSON和PLLON对应的位清0
- /* Reset HSEBYP bit */
- RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xFFFBFFFF;
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把HSEBYP对应的位清0
- /* Reset PLLSRC, PLLXTPRE, PLLMUL and USBPRE/OTGFSPRE bits */
- RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)0xFF80FFFF;
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类似
接下来是一个条件编译
-
- #ifdef STM32F10X_CL
- /* Reset PLL2ON and PLL3ON bits */
- RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xEBFFFFFF;
-
- /* Disable all interrupts and clear pending bits */
- RCC->CIR = 0x00FF0000;
-
- /* Reset CFGR2 register */
- RCC->CFGR2 = 0x00000000;
- #elif defined (STM32F10X_LD_VL) || defined (STM32F10X_MD_VL) || (defined STM32F10X_HD_VL)
- /* Disable all interrupts and clear pending bits */
- RCC->CIR = 0x009F0000;
-
- /* Reset CFGR2 register */
- RCC->CFGR2 = 0x00000000;
- #else
- /* Disable all interrupts and clear pending bits */
- RCC->CIR = 0x009F0000;
- #endif /* STM32F10X_CL */
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执行的是这一段:
也就是关闭所有的中断,并清除所有的标志位
接下来调用了一个非常重要的函数
- /* Configure the System clock frequency, HCLK, PCLK2 and PCLK1 prescalers */
- /* Configure the Flash Latency cycles and enable prefetch buffer */
- SetSysClock();
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看一下这个函数的实现:
- /**
- * @brief Configures the System clock frequency, HCLK, PCLK2 and PCLK1 prescalers.
- * @param None
- * @retval None
- */
- static void SetSysClock(void)
- {
- #ifdef SYSCLK_FREQ_HSE
- SetSysClockToHSE();
- #elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_24MHz
- SetSysClockTo24();
- #elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_36MHz
- SetSysClockTo36();
- #elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_48MHz
- SetSysClockTo48();
- #elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_56MHz
- SetSysClockTo56();
- #elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_72MHz
- SetSysClockTo72();
- #endif
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这个函数主要是看看这些标志符有没有被定义,这个定义我们是设置在下面这个文件中,我们进去看一下:
system_stm32f10x.c
- #if defined (STM32F10X_LD_VL) || (defined STM32F10X_MD_VL) || (defined STM32F10X_HD_VL)
- /* #define SYSCLK_FREQ_HSE HSE_VALUE */
- #define SYSCLK_FREQ_24MHz 24000000
- #else
- /* #define SYSCLK_FREQ_HSE HSE_VALUE */
- /* #define SYSCLK_FREQ_24MHz 24000000 */
- /* #define SYSCLK_FREQ_36MHz 36000000 */
- /* #define SYSCLK_FREQ_48MHz 48000000 */
- /* #define SYSCLK_FREQ_56MHz 56000000 */
- #define SYSCLK_FREQ_72MHz 72000000
- #endif
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SetSysClock函数通过判断宏定义标志符来判断要调用哪个函数
例如,我们在宏定义中定义了SYSCLK_FREQ_72MHz,那么SetSysClock函数就会调用SetSysClockTo72函数
SetSysClockTo72函数的实现
首先,通过配置CR寄存器打开HSE,即外部高速时钟使能
接下来等待HSE的稳定,方法是查看CR寄存器的HSERDY位
若就绪,则HSEStatus = 1
接下来,当HSEStatus = 1时执行如下操作
- if (HSEStatus == (uint32_t)0x01)
- {
- /* Enable Prefetch Buffer */
- FLASH->ACR |= FLASH_ACR_PRFTBE;
-
- /* Flash 2 wait state */
- FLASH->ACR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~FLASH_ACR_LATENCY);
- FLASH->ACR |= (uint32_t)FLASH_ACR_LATENCY_2;
-
-
- /* HCLK = SYSCLK */
- RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_HPRE_DIV1;
-
- /* PCLK2 = HCLK */
- RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_PPRE2_DIV1;
-
- /* PCLK1 = HCLK */
- RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_PPRE1_DIV2;
-
- #ifdef STM32F10X_CL
- /* Configure PLLs ------------------------------------------------------*/
- /* PLL2 configuration: PLL2CLK = (HSE / 5) * 8 = 40 MHz */
- /* PREDIV1 configuration: PREDIV1CLK = PLL2 / 5 = 8 MHz */
-
- RCC->CFGR2 &= (uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV2 | RCC_CFGR2_PLL2MUL |
- RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1 | RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1SRC);
- RCC->CFGR2 |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV2_DIV5 | RCC_CFGR2_PLL2MUL8 |
- RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1SRC_PLL2 | RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1_DIV5);
-
- /* Enable PLL2 */
- RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLL2ON;
- /* Wait till PLL2 is ready */
- while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLL2RDY) == 0)
- {
- }
-
-
- /* PLL configuration: PLLCLK = PREDIV1 * 9 = 72 MHz */
- RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE | RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC | RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL);
- RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE_PREDIV1 | RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC_PREDIV1 |
- RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL9);
- #else
- /* PLL configuration: PLLCLK = HSE * 9 = 72 MHz */
- RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC | RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE |
- RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL));
- RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC_HSE | RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL9);
- #endif /* STM32F10X_CL */
-
- /* Enable PLL */
- RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLLON;
-
- /* Wait till PLL is ready */
- while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLLRDY) == 0)
- {
- }
-
- /* Select PLL as system clock source */
- RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_SW));
- RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SW_PLL;
-
- /* Wait till PLL is used as system clock source */
- while ((RCC->CFGR & (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SWS) != (uint32_t)0x08)
- {
- }
- }
- else
- { /* If HSE fails to start-up, the application will have wrong clock
- configuration. User can add here some code to deal with this error */
- }
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由CPU的速度是远远快于FLASH的速度的,因此需要对FLASH控制器进行配置
通过CFGR寄存器设置AHB Prescale 设为1,泽恩HCLK就等于SYSCLK
本质上是将APB2的Prescale设置为1
经过以上配置:
HCLK = SYSCLK
PCLK2 = SYSCLK
PCLK1 = SYSCLK
此处条件编译
执行的是这段
- CC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC | RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE | RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL));
- RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC_PREDIV1 | RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE_PREDIV1_Div2 | RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL6);
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将HSE作为时钟源,倍频系数为9,即将HSE直接作为时钟源,倍频9后的PLLCLK作为系统时钟,后面的预分频都是72 MHz
等待PLL就绪
PLL作为系统时钟,并等待其稳定
调用SystemInit函数的地方
startup_stm32f10x_hd.s
这里定义先执行SystemInit函数,再执行main函数
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