前言
由于第八届赛题中出现了要求使用单片机的RTC功能。
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8 T. [( Z) @% i5 i* O所以本节我们学习RTC的使用。
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2 b9 Q8 m  w( G1.CubeMx的配置步骤
修改之前的UART的ioc文件来生成工程。

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2.生成工程
点击GENERATER CODE生成工程Project即可。

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3.测试代码
main.c

1. /* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
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2. /**
   
3.   ******************************************************************************
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4.   * @file           : main.c
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5.   * @brief          : Main program body
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6.   ******************************************************************************
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7.   * @attention
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8.   *
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9.   * <h2><center>© Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
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10.   * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
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11.   *
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12.   * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
    
13.   * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
    
14.   * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
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15.   *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
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16.   *
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17.   ******************************************************************************
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18.   */
    
19. /* USER CODE END Header */
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20. /* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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21. #include "main.h"
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22. #include "rtc.h"
    
23. #include "usart.h"
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24. #include "gpio.h"
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25. 
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26. /* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
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27. /* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
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28. #include "stdlib.h"
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29. #include "stdio.h"
    
30. /* USER CODE END Includes */
    
31. 
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32. /* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
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33. /* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
    
34. 
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35. /* USER CODE END PTD */
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36. 
    
37. /* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
    
38. /* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
    
39. /* USER CODE END PD */
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40. 
    
41. /* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
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42. /* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
    
43. 
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44. /* USER CODE END PM */
    
45. 
    
46. /* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
    
47. 
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48. /* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
    
49. 
    
50. /* USER CODE END PV */
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51. 
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52. /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
    
53. void SystemClock_Config(void);
    
54. /* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
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55. 
    
56. /* USER CODE END PFP */
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57. 
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58. /* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
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59. /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
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60. RTC_TimeTypeDef T; //储存时间用的两个结构体
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61. RTC_DateTypeDef D;
    
62. unsigned char second;
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63. /* USER CODE END 0 */
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64. 
    
65. /**
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66.   * @brief  The application entry point.
    
67.   * @retval int
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68.   */
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69. int main(void)
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70. {
    
71.   /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
    
72. 
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73.   /* USER CODE END 1 */
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74. 
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75.   /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
    
76. 
    
77.   /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
    
78.   HAL_Init();
    
79. 
    
80.   /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
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81. 
    
82.   /* USER CODE END Init */
    
83. 
    
84.   /* Configure the system clock */
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85.   SystemClock_Config();
    
86. 
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87.   /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
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88. 
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89.   /* USER CODE END SysInit */
    
90. 
    
91.   /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
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92.   MX_GPIO_Init();
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93.   MX_RTC_Init();
    
94.   MX_USART1_UART_Init();
    
95.   /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
    
96. 
    
97.   /* USER CODE END 2 */
    
98. 
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99.   /* Infinite loop */
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100.   /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
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101.   while (1)
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102.   {
     
103.     /* USER CODE END WHILE */
     
104. 
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105.     /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
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106.                 HAL_RTC_GetTime(&hrtc, &T, RTC_FORMAT_BIN); //采集时间
     
107.                 HAL_RTC_GetDate(&hrtc, &D, RTC_FORMAT_BIN);
     
108.                 if(second != T.Seconds) //打印到串口
     
109.                 {
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110.                         second = T.Seconds;
     
111.                         printf("%02d-%02d-%02d-%02d-%02d-%02d\r\n",D.Year,D.Month,D.Date,T.Hours,T.Minutes,T.Seconds);
     
112.                 }
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113. 
     
114.   }
     
115.   /* USER CODE END 3 */
     
116. }
     
117. 
     
118. /**
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119.   * @brief System Clock Configuration
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120.   * @retval None
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121.   */
     
122. void SystemClock_Config(void)
     
123. {
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124.   RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
     
125.   RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
     
126.   RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};
     
127. 
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128.   /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
     
129.   */
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130.   HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
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131.   /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
     
132.   * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
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133.   */
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134.   RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
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135.   RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
     
136.   RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
     
137.   RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
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138.   RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = RCC_PLLM_DIV3;
     
139.   RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 20;
     
140.   RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
     
141.   RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = RCC_PLLQ_DIV2;
     
142.   RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = RCC_PLLR_DIV2;
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143.   if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
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144.   {
     
145.     Error_Handler();
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146.   }
     
147.   /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
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148.   */
     
149.   RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
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150.                               |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
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151.   RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
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152.   RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
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153.   RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
     
154.   RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
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155. 
     
156.   if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
     
157.   {
     
158.     Error_Handler();
     
159.   }
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160.   /** Initializes the peripherals clocks
     
161.   */
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162.   PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_RTC|RCC_PERIPHCLK_USART1;
     
163.   PeriphClkInit.Usart1ClockSelection = RCC_USART1CLKSOURCE_PCLK2;
     
164.   PeriphClkInit.RTCClockSelection = RCC_RTCCLKSOURCE_HSE_DIV32;
     
165. 
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166.   if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
     
167.   {
     
168.     Error_Handler();
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169.   }
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170. }
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171. 
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172. /* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
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173. int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
     
174. {
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175.         HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (unsigned char *)&ch, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY);
     
176.         return ch;
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177. }
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178. /* USER CODE END 4 */
     
179. 
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180. /**
     
181.   * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
     
182.   * @retval None
     
183.   */
     
184. void Error_Handler(void)
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185. {
     
186.   /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
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187.   /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
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188.   __disable_irq();
     
189.   while (1)
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190.   {
     
191.   }
     
192.   /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
     
193. }
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194. 
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195. #ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
     
196. /**
     
197.   * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
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198.   *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
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199.   * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
     
200.   * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
     
201.   * @retval None
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202.   */
     
203. void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
     
204. {
     
205.   /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
     
206.   /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
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207.      ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
     
208.   /* USER CODE END 6 */
     
209. }
     
210. #endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
     
211. 
     
212. /************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
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213. 
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复制代码

4.演示效果
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