诸多传感器都是基于I2C驱动的，本次测试基于STS30-DIS-B温度传感器，模块原理图如下图所示

阅读STM32C071的数据手册，可以看到PB8和PB9分别有I2C的SDA和SCL功能

本次测试将基于LCD测试进行，首先定义LCD屏幕相关的引脚，之后定义I2C相关的PB7和PB8引脚

生成代码后，得到I2C的初始化代码如下

#include "i2c.h"

/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

I2C_HandleTypeDef hi2c1;

/* I2C1 init function */
void MX_I2C1_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN I2C1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END I2C1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN I2C1_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END I2C1_Init 1 */
  hi2c1.Instance = I2C1;
  hi2c1.Init.Timing = 0x00200410;
  hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress1 = 0;
  hi2c1.Init.AddressingMode = I2C_ADDRESSINGMODE_7BIT;
  hi2c1.Init.DualAddressMode = I2C_DUALADDRESS_DISABLE;
  hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress2 = 0;
  hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress2Masks = I2C_OA2_NOMASK;
  hi2c1.Init.GeneralCallMode = I2C_GENERALCALL_DISABLE;
  hi2c1.Init.NoStretchMode = I2C_NOSTRETCH_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_I2C_Init(&hi2c1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Configure Analogue filter
  */
  if (HAL_I2CEx_ConfigAnalogFilter(&hi2c1, I2C_ANALOGFILTER_ENABLE) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Configure Digital filter
  */
  if (HAL_I2CEx_ConfigDigitalFilter(&hi2c1, 0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN I2C1_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END I2C1_Init 2 */

}

void HAL_I2C_MspInit(I2C_HandleTypeDef* i2cHandle)
{

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};
  if(i2cHandle->Instance==I2C1)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN I2C1_MspInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END I2C1_MspInit 0 */

  /** Initializes the peripherals clocks
  */
    PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_I2C1;
    PeriphClkInit.I2c1ClockSelection = RCC_I2C1CLKSOURCE_PCLK1;
    if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
    {
      Error_Handler();
    }

    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
    /**I2C1 GPIO Configuration
    PB8     ------> I2C1_SCL
    PB9     ------> I2C1_SDA
    */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_8 | GPIO_PIN_9;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_OD;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF6_I2C1;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    /* I2C1 clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_I2C1_CLK_ENABLE();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN I2C1_MspInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END I2C1_MspInit 1 */
  }
}

void HAL_I2C_MspDeInit(I2C_HandleTypeDef* i2cHandle)
{

  if(i2cHandle->Instance==I2C1)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN I2C1_MspDeInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END I2C1_MspDeInit 0 */
    /* Peripheral clock disable */
    __HAL_RCC_I2C1_CLK_DISABLE();

    /**I2C1 GPIO Configuration
    PB8     ------> I2C1_SCL
    PB9     ------> I2C1_SDA
    */
    HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_8);
    HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_9);

  /* USER CODE BEGIN I2C1_MspDeInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END I2C1_MspDeInit 1 */
  }
}

接着定义STS30读取函数

float STS30_Proc(void)                                                                              //温度计程序
{
    uint8_t data_T[2] = {0x24, 0x0B};                                                               //写入数据缓冲区
    uint8_t data_R[2] = {0x00, 0x00};                                                               //读取数据缓冲区

    HAL_I2C_Master_Receive(&hi2c1, 0x94, data_R, 2, 10);                                            //初始化时开启了一次温度转化 现在来读取 或者之前运行过的温度转化 现在读取
    HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c1, 0x94, data_T, 2, 10);                                           //开启温度转化 为下一次运行准备数据

    return (float)((data_R[0] << 8 | data_R[1]) * 175.0 / 65535 - 45);                              //计算并返回温度结果
}

在主函数中，不断读取传感器温度并显示在LCD屏幕上

int main(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_I2C1_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
  LCD_Init();
  LCD_Fill(0,0,LCD_W,LCD_H,BLACK);
  uint8_t buffer[20] = {0};
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
      sprintf((char *)buffer, "T:%.1f  ", STS30_Proc());
      LCD_ShowString(5,50,(uint8_t *)buffer,WHITE,BLACK,16,0);
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

最终效果如下